Mustafa Sheikh Mohammed Sheikh Abdulsalam Abdullah Barzani, also known as Mullah Mustafa Barzani, General Mustafa Barzani, Peshawar, President Mustafa Barzani and Barzani Mustafa, was born on March 14, 1903 in Barzani village of Mosul province Kurdistan Republic in Mahabad, Prime Minister of the Provisional Government of Foreign Kurdistan in Baku and its founder Kurdistan Democratic Party and leadership The Great September Revolution He died on March 1, 1979 at Myoclinic Hospital in the United States.

Stages of study

After the end of the First Barzan Revolution in 1934, he was exiled to Mosul, where he studied Islamic jurisprudence at the religious school of Abdullah Nashat Beg Mosque and Persian language and literature with Ali Botani He taught at Al-Nur al-Kabir Mosque with Sheikh Abdullah Ni'ma, Abdullah Mosque, Faisaliyah Religious School and Imam Ibrahim Religious School. In 1955, he attended the University of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union in the city He was admitted to Moscow and received a bachelor's degree in political science three years later.

He spoke Kurdish, Arabic, Persian, Turkish, Russian, Armenian and English.

The beginning of the struggle

In 1906, at the age of three, he was imprisoned with his mother in Mosul by Mohammed Fazel Pasha of Daghestani, the governor of Mosul, on charges of participating in the uprising of his brother Sheikh Abdul Salam Barzani.

In 1919, Mustafa Barzani led a force to the aid of Sheikh Mahmoud Hafed (1881-1956) against the British army, in the same year to the aid of Sheikh Said Piran (1865-1925), the revolutionary leader of Northern Kurdistan, against the Turkish army He led a force to the rescue of Andranik, king of Armenia.

 On June 23, 1932, after the collapse of the First Barzan Revolution and under the threat of the British Air Force, as a result of the destruction of 79 villages and 1365 houses, he was forced to flee to the Republic of Turkey He was detained there for a while.

After returning from Turkey, he was exiled to Mosul in 1934, visited the headquarters of the Brotherhood Party, in 1936 he was exiled to Baghdad, Nasiriyah, Diwaniya and Hilla, and in 1939 by the Iraqi monarchy to Parde village in Kirkuk province He was later transferred to Sulaimani.

First Barzan Revolution

In 1931, Mustafa Barzani commanded the Barzan Revolutionary Forces against the Iraqi army under the command of Colonel Barqi Shawqi Wais He commanded the battles of Garwabni, Korke, Havnka, Kania Lanj, Zet, Piran and the Battle of Dola Vazhi against the Iraqi army commanded by General Robinson.

Second Barzan Revolution

 On July 27, 1943, Mustafa Barzani launched the Second Barzani Revolution and commanded the battles of Kherzuk, Gora Tu, Chia Piran and Mazne against the Iraqi army and police forces He also commanded the Nahli Front and the Battle of Persian against the Iraqi army.

political duties and responsibilities

In 1939, he joined the organizations of the Hiwa Party in Sulaimani. On July 12, 1943, with the help of Kurdish lovers in Sulaimani, especially Sheikh Latif Hafid, he secretly escaped from arrest and moved to East Kurdistan Barzan .

On December 15, 1945, he was elected chairman of the Azadi Committee. In 1946, he was chairman of the founding committee of the Kurdish Democratic Party. On August 16, 1946, he was elected the first chairman of the Kurdish Democratic Party He was the chairman of the South-East Kurdistan Leadership (Baku Conference). Second Congress 1951, Third Congress 1953, Fourth Congress 1959, Fifth Congress 1960, in Sixth Congress 1964, Seventh Congress 1966 and Eighth Congress In 1970, he was re-elected as the leader of the Kurdistan Democratic Party (KDP). The September RevolutionIn 1964, he was elected chairman of the Revolutionary Leadership Council in Iraqi Kurdistan.

Kurdistan Republic in Mahabad

On December 26, 1946, Mustafa Barzani participated in the proclamation of the Kurdistan Democratic Republic in Mahabad. In early 1946, he was promoted to the rank of general by the National Republic of Azerbaijan for his struggle and resistance and expertise in military affairs He was awarded the rank of General in the Kurdistan Democratic Republic Army on March 31, 1946. In the same year, he was appointed commander of the Saqiz Front He was responsible for the organized and harmless retreat of the forces of both the Kurdistan Republic and the Azerbaijani National Republic from the Saqiz front to Mahabad. On December 16, he had his last meeting with Peshawar Qazi Mohammad in Mahabad In March 1947, he commanded the battles of Nargi, Bardezard and Margavari against the Iranian army and was wounded in the battles On April 10, 1947, he was able to rescue his family and Peshmergas and take them to Gadar.

Going to the Soviet Union

On April 15, 1947, after a long meeting with Sheikh Ahmad Barzani, General Mustafa Barzani decided not to surrender with a special force of 560 Peshmergas In May, he crossed the border with his comrades unharmed. The next day, he led a large meeting in the village of Jermi in East Kurdistan to organize the Peshmerga forces and plan to leave for the Soviet Union He fought against the Iranian army in the Susuz Mountains and the Mako Plain in northwestern Iran. On June 18, he and his comrades reached the Soviet Union border and took refuge there On September 29, he met with the authorities of the Soviet Republic of Azerbaijan in Baku to receive his comrades as refugees. On December 10, he was taken away with his comrades for reorganization Baku, Azerbaijan, and will arrive in Uzbekistan on August 29 with all his comrades.

 On March 13, 1949, he was deported from Tashkent to the town of Chamba by the Soviet authorities. After several years of separation, he attended a large meeting in Tashkent, Uzbekistan, in April He met with his comrades and talked to them about continuing his college and university studies.

General Barzani settled in Moscow in 1953. His house was the shelter of all Kurdish refugees. In 1956, he visited the Kurds of Armenia Half added.

Return to Iraq

After the victory of the July 14 Revolution and being allowed to return, he left Moscow on August 21, 1958 and was welcomed on his return by the President of Romania and Czechoslovakia It was signed by Iraq and has been amnestied. On September 10, he responded to Abdul Karim Qassimi's letter asking for permission to return home. On September 17, he flew to Prague airport, two days later to Cairo airport and in The Dome Palace was welcomed by President Jamal Abdul Nasser at Baghdad's Musana airport on October 6 and was welcomed by all Iraqi communities at the ministerial headquarters a few days after his return Iraqi Defense Minister Abdul Karim Qassim has met with Kurdish and Arab partners in Iraq.

On October 22, he visited Erbil and was welcomed by Alaeddin Mahmoud Mutasarif, the governor of Erbil and the people of the city. Three days later, he visited Kirkuk and was welcomed by Kurdish dignitaries and the people of the city He was welcomed by the commander of the second army of the Iraqi army. He arrived in Sulaimani on October 30 and was welcomed by the crowd at home Sheikh Latif Hafid and then visit the graves of the martyrs Mustafa Khoshnaw and Mohammed Qudsi, members of the founding committee of the Kurdish Democratic Party and their families.

On April 16, 1959, he welcomed the ship Georgia from the port of Basra in southern Iraq, which was carrying his companions, who had gone with him to the Soviet Union in 1947. On June 19, 1959, he accompanied some members of the PKK leadership Visit to the tomb of the martyr Khayrullah Abdulkarimknown as Khayrullah Gurjizadeh in Erbil.

The period of the September Revolution

On September 11, 1961, he led the Kurdish people's rights The September Revolution In mid-November, he visited Duhok to organize the affairs of the Peshmerga and divided the Badinan region into three commands. On December 12, he led the Battle of Zawita.

In 1965 he commanded the Penjweni battle in Sulaimani province and in 1966 he commanded it The Story of HandrenOn April 15, 1967, he presided over the conference (military-political) of Kani Smaqi. In early 1969, he was the planner of the attack on the Kirkuk Oil Company, which was attacked on March 1 by the Iraqi army From November 27 to 29, 1973, he supervised the Chomani Political-Military Conference.

Peace talks and negotiations

On December 7, 1944, Mustafa Barzani held the first negotiations of the Second Barzan Revolution with the Iraqi representative, Majid Mustafa, near the village of Spindar On February 12, 2012, he visited Baghdad to continue the negotiations and met with Abdullah, who was invited by the Kurdish Progress Club in Baghdad He was hosted and met with Kurdish tribal chiefs and personalities in Baghdad.

In 1945, he met Iraqi Prime Minister Nuri al-Saeed in Baghdad Mustafa Khoshnaw (1912-1947) and Mohammed Qudsi (1922-1947) In the village of Shawraw, he met Captain Stockey, the representative of the British Embassy in Iraq, for negotiations.

On December 21, 1946, he led a delegation from South Kurdistan to Tehran to meet with the Shah of Iran.

On February 4, 1963, he met with a delegation of the Iraqi government led by General Tahir Yahya Tikrit in Kani Marani, Erbil province, to negotiate peace between the two sides.

In 1964, Primakov represented the Soviet Union in order to prepare the ground for negotiations with the Iraqi government, visited General Mustafa Barzani, on August 24, 1964, he received Lieutenant Colonel Abdulrahman Mohammed for negotiations On October 11, 1964, he presented the Kurdish demand for autonomy to Kurdistan to Iraqi President Abdul Salam Mohammed Arif (1921-1966).

On October 8, 1966, he received Iraqi President Lieutenant Colonel Abdulrahman Mohammed Arif in the village of Jundian in order to negotiate for an agreement, peace and solution of the Kurdish issue. On June 15, 1966, he received a government delegation in Ghala Iraq, who had visited for negotiations.

On September 15, 1967, he received Iraqi Prime Minister General Tahir Yahya at his headquarters. On December 31, he received a delegation of the Iraqi government led by Abdul Khaliq to negotiate the right of autonomy for Kurdistan Samarai, a member of the leadership of the Ba'athist Arab Socialist Party, Aziz Sharif and retired brigadier Fuad Arif

On December 10, 1970, he met Iraqi Vice President Saddam Hussein in the village of Nawprdan for negotiations. On March 11, 1970, he gave autonomy to South Kurdistan Ibrahim Ahmad – Jalal Talabani issued

Diplomatic efforts

In 1947, after arriving in the Soviet Union, he sent a letter to Joseph Stalin, the leader of the Soviet Communist Party, asking for support for the Kurdish national movement A special committee was formed to follow up and resolve the issues.

In 1956, he wrote a letter to Egyptian President Jamal Abdul Nasser against the tripartite attack of the United Kingdom, France and Israel on the Republic of Egypt.

On October 1, 1960, he sent a letter to the Secretary-General of the United Nations protesting against the oppression of the Kurds by the Kingdom of Iran and the Republic of Turkey He visited the Soviet Union at the official invitation of the Soviet Union officials to participate in the October holidays. On October 29, accompanied by Sheikh Ahmad Barzan, he visited the Zaim in order to resolve the Kurdish issue Iraqi Prime Minister Ruken Abdul Karim Qassim.

In the autumn of 1962, he received a letter from Ahmed Tawfiq (Abdullah Ishaqi) explaining his situation The September Revolution He sent a letter of condolences to the US consul in Isfahan over the assassination of US President John F. Kennedy.

On July 15, 1965, he sent a letter to French President General De Gaulle asking for support for the Kurdish issue A year later, on December 1, Otanti sent a reminder to the UN Security Council on the annexation of South Kurdistan to Iraq In 1966, he presented a letter to the Havana Congress (Three Continents of Asia, Africa and Congress) on the Kurdish issue North America) has done. . . .

On August 28, 1967, he sent a letter to Jamal Abdul Nasser (1918-1970) about the Kurdish cause and the policy of extermination of the Kurds in Iraq, On June 5, 1967, he remained neutral in the Six-Day Arab-Israeli War at the request of Arab leaders, especially King Hussein Hashemi The Assyrian Union has made the world.

In 1971, he received a delegation from the Turkish government and discussed bilateral relations with them. In order to stabilize the situation in the Republic of Turkey, he asked them to release thousands of Kurdish prisoners.

On June 2, 1971, he received a delegation from the Central Committee of the Bulgarian Communist Party at his headquarters in Haji Omeran. On March 27, 1973, he received Kamal Junblat, the leader of the Lebanese Socialist Progressive Party.

On August 18, 1973, he sent a letter of reminder to the International Red Cross in Geneva regarding the collection of poison gas by the Iraqi army. On October 25, 1971, he received the delegation at the headquarters of Haji Omeran The Committee supported the Asian, African and Soviet peoples, consisting of Vice-Chairman Babajan Ghafurov and members Dr. Andrei Zakharov, Gregory Nitschkin and Said Kamilev.

When the Kurdistan Autonomous Region Law was unilaterally promulgated by Ahmad Hassan Bakri, the Iraqi president and chairman of the Kurdistan Revolutionary Council, on March 11, 1974, separating Kirkuk from Kurdistan, he sent a letter to the Arab Summit It was held from October 19 to 26, 1974 in Riyadh and was dedicated to the massacre of the Iraqi army against the Kurdish nation.

In October 1974, he met with US Secretary of State Henry Kissinger in Tehran and sent a letter of protest on March 10, 1975, following the agreement Algeria met with Iranian King Mohammad Reza Pahlavi at the palace and warned him of the agreement with Iraqi Vice President Saddam Hussein.

In 1976, he gave a lecture on the Kurdistan Revolution to students and faculty at the American University in Washington. In the same year, he met with Senator Jackson, Senator Proxmeyer, Senator Minnie and Congressman Stephen Solarz The US government has been involved in the Kurdish revolution and in order to attract public opinion to the Kurdish cause, a press conference with the magazine ((The ViIIage Voice performed

In 1977, he sent a letter to US President Jimmy Carter explaining the situation in Kurdistan and the Kurdish cause.

Attempted assassinations

In mid-1936, during negotiations in Mosul, the then governor of Mosul poisoned his coffee and poisoned him, but with the efforts of some friends, he called a doctor and saved his life.

In 1943, the Iraqi government offered a reward of 50,000 dinars for the killing of Mustafa Barzani. Two years later, on August 19, 1945, the Military Customary Court ordered the confiscation of all transferred and untransferred funds He sentenced a number of his comrades to death.

When he visited Kirkuk on 25-26 after his return from the Soviet Union, he escaped an assassination attempt by Lieutenant Hidayat Mohammed Arsalan, the commander of the military police.

On December 17, 1961, Iraqi Prime Minister Abdul Karim Qassimi sent Colonel Hassan Aboudi to Barzani in the name of negotiations.

On June 10, 1963, Iraqi Deputy Prime Minister Ali Salih Saadi, a member of the revolutionary leadership and a member of the Ba'athist Arab Socialist Party, offered a £100,000 reward for the capture of President Mustafa Barzani, alive or dead announced.

On September 29, 1971, a delegation of mullahs and commandos who had come to Barzani in the name of negotiations blew themselves up in Haji Omeran, with the knowledge of Saddam Hussein. He was slightly wounded in this terrorist act.

The post-collapse period and going to the United States

In 1975, Mustafa Barzani fled to Iran due to the collapse of the Kurdish revolution and a regional and international conspiracy. In August of the same year, he went to the United States for treatment and to convey the Kurdish voice to the free world country of Iran.

In June 1976, he went to the United States for treatment for the second time, receiving treatment at the Mayo Clinic, Georgetown Hospital and Sebil Hospital.

He was admitted to Georgetown University Hospital for the third time in early 1979. He died of cancer on March 1 and was buried on March 5 in Shino village in East Kurdistan in the presence of tens of thousands of people. After the Kurdistan people's uprising, on October 6, 1993, his remains were brought back to South Kurdistan for the last time Jalal Talabani (1933-2017) W.S Nechirvan BarzaniHe was buried on October 8 in his native Barzani village.

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