Reason
On March 6, 1975, with the Algiers Agreement between the Iranian regime and the Ba'th government of Iraq September Revolution The Kurdistan Democratic Party (KDP) was founded in 1961 in southern Kurdistan. Most of the revolutionary leadership and members of the Kurdistan Democratic Party (KDP) emigrated with their families to Iran and neighboring countries, only the party organizations in Europe continued their activities.
The Algiers Agreement that led to the failure September Revolution and the displacement of more than 180 thousand Kurds to Iran and created a feeling of complete victory over the Kurds among the Ba'athist rulers of Iraq and even the Iranian monarchy. The Ba'ath regime, for its part, felt the loss of a leadership that had led the Kurdish movements in Iraq since its inception, so it began to implement plans to destroy Kurdistan and a policy of displacement and Arabization. After the collapse of the revolution, the Ba'ath regime began to change the demographics of Kurdistan and soon a large area of Kurdistan was subjected to a wave of displacement and a large number of Kurdish citizens were settled in forced settlements. Like Iraq, the Iranian monarchy also considered itself victorious over the Kurds, believing that by doing so they would avenge the March 11, 1970 agreement with President Mustafa Barzani. At the request of the Iraqi government, Iran closed its borders to refugees and opened its camps to Iraqi officials to encourage the refugees to return to Iraq. Those Kurds who had chosen Iran were then moved to the regions farthest from the eastern and southern borders of Iran.
This unfavorable and dangerous situation put the struggle of the Kurdistan Democratic Party (KDP) in Southern Kurdistan at risk of extinction and coming to an end, therefore Masoud Barzani With the advice of his older brother Idris Barzani, he proposed the reorganization of the KDP and the revolution. On April 2, 1975, in Nakhda, at a large meeting organized by President Mustafa Barzani to meet with the refugees, the proposal was accepted by Masoud Barzani It was presented to President Mustafa Barzani and he agreed, and in April 1975, Masoud Barzani Preparations for the revolution began.
Comparison to start a revolution
After the Nakhda meeting on 02.04.1975, President Mustafa Barzani was entrusted with the task of reorganizing the party and revolutionary organs. Masoud Barzani and he was also deported to Tehran by the Iranian authorities, after negotiations, Masoud Barzani and Idris Barzani agreed that Idris Barzani would oversee the affairs of Iranian refugees and Masoud Barzani also revived the party and revolutionary organs and worked to revive the revolution in Southern Kurdistan, at the same time, contacts were also established in the city of Nexeda in Eastern Kurdistan, because the old leadership and famous cadres were closely monitored by the SAVAK intelligence agency, and they relied more on young cadres, especially those who had previously been Masoud Barzani They had worked with him and in such a situation he could rely on them more.
On April 15, 1975, the first secret meeting of the party was held at a spring near Nakhda called Hawt Çeshma. Masoud Barzani, Jawhar Namiq Salim, Karim Shingali, Azad Barwari and Muhammad Riza were present, in the meeting it was decided that Jawhar Namiq Salim, Karim Shingali, Azad Barwari, Arif Tayfor and Dr. Kemal Kirkuk, Izzet Abdulaziz and Sherko Ali would be sent to Southern Kurdistan and Sami Abdulrahman and Muhammad Riza to Europe, Idris Barzani, Ali Abdullah, Mohsin Dizey, Falakaddin Kakeyi and Francis Hariri were appointed to supervise the work of the refugees, it was also decided that contact would be made again with the cadres and Peshmerga who remained in Iraq and Syria as soon as possible, on April 16, 1975 Masoud Barzani He sent two letters to Muhammad Khalid Boseli and Jalal Talabani, who were in Syria at the time.
In June 1975, Tariq Akrey, the head of the sixth branch of Europe, the head of the Kurdish Students Association, and his wife Shirin Ketani secretly returned to Iran and met with President Mustafa Barzani in Tehran, then went to see Masoud Barzani and other friends went to Nakhdey, every June in Nakhdey with the presence of Masoud Barzani, Idris Barzani, Tariq Akrey, Sami Abdulrahman and Ali Abdullah and Dr. Mahmud Osman held a secret meeting and on behalf of the European branch, the first draft of the party's statement after the defeat of the revolution was prepared, and it was also decided to hold the sixth conference of the European branch and the congress of the Kurdish Students Association in Europe in the summer of the same year. This draft was then sent to President Mustafa Barzani in Tehran and, after some changes, was taken to Europe and published there.
In response to the efforts of the leadership of the Kurdistan Democratic Party (KDP) to organize itself and revive the revolution, on May 25, 1975, Jalal Talabani announced the formation of a semi-front called the Patriotic Union of Kurdistan in Syria.
In September 1975, President Mustafa Barzani was sent to the United States for medical treatment under the strict supervision of the Iranian intelligence agency SAVAK. On September 15, at the request of President Barzani, Masoud Barzani After receiving the necessary treatment, they returned to Iran on October 10, 1975, and settled in Azimiyya, Karaj, near the capital Tehran. At the same time, KDP cadres who had been tasked with activating the KDP's secret organizations were again around. Masoud Barzani and the KDP leadership gathered.
On request Masoud Barzani and after a gathering of friends, in mid-November 1975, in the presence of Cewher Namiq, Karim Shingali, Arif Teyfur and Mihemed Riza at the house Masoud Barzani A secret meeting was held in Azimiyya, Karaj city, where many important decisions were made, including the establishment of a joint leadership between the old and new KDP administrations. Returning to Southern Kurdistan and the re-establishment of armed groups and secret organizations of the party and revolution, it was decided to divide the regions of Southern Kurdistan into two regions, Region One and Region Two, which were later known as Badinan and Soran. The Hamilton Road was designated as the active border between these two regions, and both regions were freed to carry out their activities in other cities of Iraq. For this purpose, Cewher Namiq and Karim Şingali were designated as the leaders of Region One (Badinan) and Arif Taifur, Sherko Shex Ali Sergelo and Shex Aziz Shex Yusif were designated as the leaders of Region Two (Soran). They were given time to return to the borders of their activities and were given time to return to the borders of their activities.
At the same meeting, it was decided to issue a statement and Masoud Barzani He instructed his comrades Cewher Namiq, Karim Shingali, Arif Tayfur and Hema Riza to write the statement and after returning to Tehran, he wrote the statement. The next day, the friends went to see him. Masoud Barzani They returned to Azimiye, Kerech, and there the statement was reviewed again, and after several corrections, it was delivered to President Mustafa Barzani, who agreed to publish it. It was decided that the statement would be published in the town of Nakhda. It was not yet clear under what name the statement would be published, and there the name of the interim leadership of the Kurdistan Democratic Party (KDP) was announced for the first time. Later, on December 10, 1975, it was published under the same name and under the heading (Kurdistan is the real field of struggle).
interim leadership
In mid-November 1975, a secret meeting in Karaj decided to establish a temporary party leadership, with the Central Committee of the Kurdistan Democratic Party (KDP) effectively collapsing due to the situation that the defeat had brought to the revolution and the Kurdish people, especially after their departure abroad, their migration, and the dissolution of the internal organizations of the Kurdistan Democratic Party (KDP).
According to the party's program and internal regulations, the members of the Central Committee should be elected at the congress and by the vote of the congress delegates, but the situation after the defeat of the revolution on the one hand and the tight surveillance of the activities of the party members by the Iranian intelligence agency (SAWAK) on the other hand, made holding the congress seem like a very difficult task. At the mid-November meeting in Karaj and later, with the advice of President Mustafa Barzani, it was decided to appoint a new party leadership, but since the new members were not elected through the congress, it was decided to add a (temporary) replacement to the leadership. Until the opportunity to hold a party congress arose, these members remained in the party's temporary leadership, thus forming the temporary party leadership, known as the interim leadership.
In the first phase, the number of members of the KDP's interim leadership was only seven: Masoud Barzani, Idris Barzani, Jawhar Namiq, Karim Shingali, Arif Tayfur, Muhammad Riza and Azad Barwari, thus the members of the new interim leadership were formed mainly from young people, except for Idris Barzani and Masoud Barzani that before the failure September Revolution were members of the Central Committee of the KDP, while the others were appointed to the interim administration at the Karaj meeting after the dissolution of the central committee. In order to further develop the work of the group and reorganize the political and military organs of the party, it was decided to contact the members of the old Central Committee who remained in Iran and wanted to continue their political struggle within the framework of the Kurdistan Democratic Party and benefit from their political experience, especially Sami Abdulrahman and Dr. Mahmud Osman. After visits and discussions, Sami Abdulrahman, Nouri Shawis, and Ali Abdullah were each added to the interim leadership of the party. After the arrest of Arif Tayfur by the Iranian government, Dr. Kemal Kirkuki was sent to Southern Kurdistan as the head of the second region and his name was included in the list of members of the interim leadership. Thus, the number of members of the Interim Leadership reached eleven and remained the same until the Berlin Conference on August 11, 1976. At this conference, four more members were added to the interim leadership by voting, and they were Wirya Saati, Dilshad Miran, Aza Khafaf, and Abdulrahman Pedawy. Thus, the number of members reached fifteen and their names remained the same until the 9th congress of the Kurdistan Democratic Party in 1979.
The beginning of the revolution
After the election of the interim leadership of the Kurdistan Democratic Party (KDP) and the division of Southern Kurdistan into two regions, Soran and Badinan, the establishment of party and Peshmerga organizations in both regions and abroad, on the one hand, the Iraqi Ba'ath government, by displacing and destroying Kurdish villages, oppressed the Kurdish people, as a result, the time came for the Kurdistan Democratic Party to begin its work and armed revolution against the Ba'ath regime in Southern Kurdistan, on April 28, 1976. Masoud Barzani He held a secret meeting with Muhammad Reza, Arif Tayfur, and Azad Berwari, during which the final decision was made on the division of tasks and preparations for the armed revolution.
In general, May 1976 was the month of the beginning of partisan and armed activities against the regime army. First, the Peshmerga forces under temporary leadership fought the regime army in the Amed and Zakho regions. As a result of these clashes, a number of regime soldiers were killed. After these clashes, the regime forces were forced to use airpower and bombard the Nerwa and Rekan regions on the border of Iraq and Turkey. After assessing the situation, the party leadership determined May 26 as the day of the beginning of the armed revolution, and the first shot of the revolution was fired against the Ba'ath regime army at 4:00 a.m. on May 26, 1976.
On May 26, a KDP Peshmerga force was ambushed by the regime army in Zino near Haji Omaran. Fighting broke out between the two sides, killing 8 Iraqi soldiers and wounding 12 others. In this battle, the KDP battalion commander, Sayyid Abdullah, was martyred and after the defeat, September Revolution became the first martyr of the revolution. On the same day, another armed force of the interim leadership of the KDP, under the command of Abu Newal, attacked a regime army position in the village of Keshan in the Badinan area, thus resuming fighting and clashes in most of the border areas, especially in Badinan and on the border between Turkey and Iraq.
In general, in the years (1976-1979), which was the first phase of May Revolution is seen and monitored by the interim leadership, despite all the difficulties and ups and downs, including the establishment of several other armed political organizations in Southern Kurdistan that went to the mountains of Kurdistan in the name of starting a revolution and put their opposition to the Kurdistan Democratic Party (KDP) before their opposition to the Ba's regime and at different times and places plunged the KDP Peshmerga into civil war, despite the fact that and according to the military statements of the interim leadership of the time, which were constantly issued, the fighting and clashes between the Peshmerga Forces and the regime army continued, despite the spiritual and material losses of the army, many times most of the border areas were controlled by the revolutionary Peshmerga forces and the government did not remain in power, during this period, several stories of resistance such as the Battle of Sheransh on August 18, 1976, the Battle of Bangird on October 11, 1976, the Battle of Sharstan on 26 The Battle of Govkê on December 1, 1976, the Battle of Belmbir on May 25, 1977, and the Battle of Qesrok in 1978 were recorded as the basis for the continuation of the revolution in the following years.
The Ninth Congress and the Dissolution of the Provisional Leadership
On June 19, 1976, President Mustafa Barzani was sent to the United States for the second time under the strict supervision of the Iranian intelligence agency SAVAK. Masoud Barzani who was responsible for the party's organizations, accompanied President Mustafa Barzani on that trip, and it was planned that the visit would last for 6 weeks and then return to Iran, but their return was not until 1979, when President Mustafa Barzani passed away.
During this period, the party organizations inside the country were led by a temporary leadership, most of whom had returned to Southern Kurdistan, especially Sami Abdulrahman. The party was given a new face by them, especially after the Berlin Conference, and was given a completely Marxist face that was far from the original policy of the KDP and the Barzani method. At the Berlin Conference, Sami Abdulrahman, in order to strengthen his position, added four of his supporters to the temporary leadership, changed the party's program and internal rules, and published a book called the Rules of the Kurdish Liberation Movement, in which he criticized the leadership of the revolution and stated the KDP's line from now on to fight.
Although these actions by some members of the interim leadership, especially Sami Abdulrahman, were not to the liking of the KDP administration, the solution was postponed for a reasonable period of time in order to avoid harming the unity of the KDP and revolutionary organizations.
In February 1979, the Pashayati Regime in Iran collapsed and was replaced by the Islamic Republic. Shortly after, news of the death of President Mustafa Barzani on March 1, 1979, spread throughout the United States. The new Iranian authorities agreed to return Mustafa Barzani's body to Iran and bury him there for a while. On March 4, 1979, his body was returned to Iran and buried in the city of Shino in Eastern Kurdistan.
Attending the funeral ceremony of President Mustafa Barzani in Eastern Kurdistan led all members, cadres, peshmerga, and the party leadership to meet once again and decide on the fate of the party after the president. After several meetings, the decision was made to hold the ninth congress of the Kurdistan Democratic Party (KDP).
On November 10, 1979, the ninth congress of the Kurdistan Democratic Party (KDP) was held in the Zeway camp west of Urmia in Eastern Kurdistan. As a result of the congress, Masoud Barzani was unanimously elected as the Party leader and a new central committee was appointed to replace the temporary leadership of the Party. At the same time, the party and military organs of the revolution were reorganized and, to some extent, the Party was returned to its right path.
The regional situation after 1979 and May Revolution
After the change of regime in Iran, the political power in Iraq also changed. President Ahmed Hassan Bakri resigned and was replaced by Saddam Hussein on July 17. After Saddam Hussein came to power, the regime's policy towards the Kurds deteriorated. The Ba'ath government deployed 5,000 soldiers, 50,000 police, border guards, and reserve forces to control the borders where the Peshmerga bases were established, along with a number of foreign troops. After several small battles, the regime was unable to prevent the expansion of the Peshmerga's military activities. In June 1979, the Iraqi air force bombed several villages in Eastern Kurdistan under the pretext of the presence of the Peshmerga. The situation of the Peshmerga forces on the Turkish border also deteriorated when Turkish intelligence chief Ali Heydar Ozga went to Baghdad on March 29, 1979 to resolve border disputes between the two countries. On September 12, 1980, General Kenan Äfrin staged a military coup in Turkey, resulting in thousands of Kurds from Northern Kurdistan fleeing to neighboring countries. Thousands of soldiers were deployed by the Turkish government to the border areas of Syria, Iraq, and Iran, and were ordered to attack the KDP Peshmerga and other Kurdish forces near the border.
On August 16, 1979, a republican decree was issued in Saddam's name, demanding the release of all political prisoners and granting a general amnesty to all Kurds who had fled to the mountains or had returned abroad. Those who had been pardoned were allowed to return to their previous jobs. Kurds who had been displaced to central and southern Iraq were allowed to return to Kurdistan, but upon their return they were forcibly placed in camps.
On September 22, 1980, after the breakdown of relations, war broke out between Iraq and Iran, as the Kurdistan Democratic Party (KDP) was the main enemy of the Ba'ath regime and had previously launched a revolution against it, had assisted the Islamic Republic of Iran in the war, and had used Iranian assistance to advance its own national goals.
Front VARIOUS
After the victory of the Islamic Revolution in Iran in 1979, Iraqi opposition forces tried to unite their ranks and strengthen their ties in order to form a strong national front. The Kurdistan Democratic Party (KDP) for its part, at its ninth congress, called for the establishment of a political front, and one of the congress's decisions was to establish a broad front in Kurdistan and Iraq. In response, the PUK attacked the Peshmerga of the Kurdistan Democratic Party (KDP) in the Hawraman region on April 7, 1980, and demanded that the Kurdistan Socialist Party (PSK) sever its ties with the KDP, thus thwarting the attempt to form a joint opposition front.
With the aim of creating a united front of the Iraqi opposition against the Ba'th regime, on November 12, 1980, the CEWQED front, abbreviated as the Democratic National Front, was established in Syria, with the Arab Ba'th Socialist Party (Iraqi Regional Leadership), the Arab Socialist Movement, the Iraqi Communist Party, the Iraqi Socialist Party, the Iraqi People's Liberation Army, the Independent Democrats, the Patriotic Union of Kurdistan, and the United Socialist Party of Kurdistan (HSK) as its members. Although representatives of the Communist Party made many attempts to have the KDP participate in this front, the PUK rejected this, and the Ba'th Party, the Iraqi Regional Leadership, and the Arab Socialist Movement supported the PUK's position.
After several parties refused to accept the KDP becoming a member of the CEWQED front, the Kurdistan Socialist Party and the Communist Party of Iraq joined the KDP and on November 28, 1980, a new front called CUD was announced.
On November 28, 1980, in the village of Kewper Eser, near Khane in Eastern Kurdistan, a cooperation agreement was signed between the Kurdistan Democratic Party (KDP) and the Kurdistan Socialist Party (KSP) and the Iraqi Communist Party (ICP). Masoud Barzani, Ali Abdullah, Dr. Muhammad Salih Cuma, Roj Nouri Shawes and from (HSK) Resul Mamend, Tahir Ali Wali and from (HŞI) Ahmed Banixelani and Fatih Rasul were present, on 29.11.1980 the news of the establishment of the CUD Front was broadcast on Radio Dengê Kurdistan, whose aim was to overthrow the Ba's regime and establish a democratic, national and autonomous regime in Kurdistan and end the war between Iraq and Iran. This front was supported by the Islamic Republic of Iran, on 10 November 1981 (PASOK) joined the CUD front, but the establishment of the front could not bring together all the opposition forces and instead of party conflict, frontal conflict emerged and led to the deepening of conflict and civil war between the Kurdish parties.
Political and military situation (1980-1986)
After the reorganization of the party organs and the Peshmerga forces of the Kurdistan Democratic Party (KDP), especially after the start of the Iran-Iraq war, the Peshmerga began their activities in the border areas against the regime army. In a way, the KDP Peshmerga forces prevailed in most places on the border between Iran and Turkey and dominated the Iraqi army. On the other hand, the PUK always thought of avenging its defeat in 1978 in the border areas of Turkey and Hakkari at the hands of the KDP's interim leadership forces. Therefore, on May 14, 1980, with the help of the Ba'ath government, they began fighting against the KDP forces in Alwatan. The PUK's attacks later spread to the KDP's allies and the war turned into a war with the CUD front, which caused great loss of life and material damage to all sides. The Ba'ath authorities began to destroy villages in the most brutal way, displacing and cleansing them. In 1980, more than They disappeared 10,000 Feyli Kurds and in May 1983, after Ali Hassan Majid became the Ba'ath Party's head of northern affairs, they disappeared more than 8,000 Barzani who had been forcibly resettled in communities.
Tehran Peace Congress 1986
In 1985, after the failure of negotiations, relations between the PUK and the Iraqi Ba'th Party were severed. In October 1976, a political-military agreement was signed between the Patriotic Union of Kurdistan (PUK) and the Islamic Republic of Iran, and joint military operations were carried out against the regime army. With the arrival of the IRGC in Kurdistan through the PUK and the bombing of oil wells in Kirkuk, the Ba'th government took drastic measures and began destroying Kurdish villages, especially in Kirkuk.
At the end of 1986, the Iranian state tried to unite the Iraqi opposition forces against the Ba'ath regime and organized the Congress of the Cooperation of the Iraqi Peoples in Tehran. Invitations were sent to all parties and the congress was held in Tehran, the capital of Iran, on December 24, 1986. Idris Barzani participated in the conference as the head of the delegation of the Kurdistan Democratic Party (KDP) and played a major role in bringing peace between the parties, especially the PUK and the KDP, and strengthening the alliance with the Islamic Republic of Iran.
The position of the Be's regime after the Tehran Peace Conference
At the beginning of 1987, all the border areas of Kurdistan were liberated from the government and liberated by the Peshmerga. On February 12, 1987, Iranian forces, with the help of PUK and KDP forces, attacked Haji Omaran and captured the Girdmend heights and several other places east of Rawandiz. In May 1987, the Ba'ath Party leadership decided to appoint Ali Hassan Majid as the Secretary General of the Northern Bureau, replacing Muhammad Hamza Zubaydi, and he was given full authority. He made many decisions at the beginning of his tenure, for example, areas where the Peshmerga were present should be considered forbidden areas, and shooting and killing were allowed unconditionally in these areas. On June 30, 1987, according to decision number (457) of the Revolutionary Leadership Council in Iraq, all agricultural facilities were removed from all cities and towns of Kurdistan and all types of agricultural equipment were banned.
In 1988, after the weakening of the Iranian army, the Ba'th army moved most of its forces into Kurdistan and began its most brutal attacks. At the same time, along with displacing the population, bombing the revolutionary bases, and chemical weapons attacks on the cities and villages of Kurdistan, it began to continue the campaign of genocide (Anfal) and the genocide of the Kurdish people. In 1988 alone, more than 180,000 Kurds were disappeared and subjected to Anfal in 8 stages from Germiyan to Badinan.
Kurdistan front
Initially, the idea of establishing a unified Kurdish front in southern Kurdistan dates back to meetings between the Kurdistan Democratic Party (KDP) led by Idris Barzani and the Patriotic Union of Kurdistan (PUK) led by Jalal Talabani in Tehran, the capital of Iran. After the success of the Tehran Peace Conference in February 1987, both sides issued a joint statement on establishing a Kurdish front and promised to unify the Peshmerga forces. On July 18, 1987, the Kurdistan Democratic Party (KDP), the Patriotic Union of Kurdistan (PUK), the Socialist Party, PASOK, and the People's Party met at the headquarters of the KDP Political School and issued a statement on unifying the Iraqi opposition forces, especially the Kurdish forces, and the decision to establish the Kurdistan front was made. Later, on July 30, 1987, the goals of the Kurdistan front were defined in a joint statement.
After several meetings between the political parties of Southern Kurdistan, especially the peace agreement between the PUK and the KDP in the fall of 1987, the Kurdistan Front was established on May 2, 1988 and began its activities on May 12 of the same year, holding its first meeting in Xwakurk in early June 1988.
Until 1988, Kurdish forces and parties in Southern Kurdistan were supported by the Islamic Republic of Iran against the Ba'ath regime. On August 8, 1988, with the end of the war between the two countries, Iranian aid to the Kurds ended and the Iraqi government began to attack Kurdistan and the Peshmerga forces with all its might. On July 20, 1988, at a meeting of the central committee of the Kurdistan Democratic Party (KDP) chaired by President Masoud Barzani The president decided to defend and resist and opened battle fronts in the areas of Xirêna and Xwakurkê. Masoud Barzani He himself was present in the field, and later, as a result of the regime army's attacks on the bases of the Peshmerga forces, many battles and heroic deeds of the Peshmerga forces were recorded, and undoubtedly, the Battle of Xwakurk was one of the pride and sovereignty of the Kurdish people at that time.
May Revolution The result of all the revolutions that the Kurdish people have carried out against successive Iraqi regimes over the past decades, and the establishment of the Kurdish Front, the unification of Kurdish forces in Southern Kurdistan, and the spring uprising of 1991, achieved the goal of the Kurdish people in Southern Kurdistan by establishing an independent, protected region.
The most important battles of the second phase of the revolution (1980-1988)
After the end of the first phase of the revolution, which lasted between 1976-1979 and was considered a period of temporary leadership, after the death of President Mustafa Barzani and the holding of the ninth congress of the Kurdistan Democratic Party (KDP), a new phase of the revolution against the regime began, which coincided with the beginning of the eight-year war between Iraq and Iran. The war between the two countries had a great impact on the revolution. The KDP leadership took advantage of that opportunity and expanded the fronts of the war against the Ba'th regime. After the war between the two countries stopped, the war continued by the Peshmerga forces of the revolution. During this period, despite all the internal problems and conflicts, the Peshmerga forces of the revolution recorded several battles and heroic stories against the regime army that brightened the future of the Kurdish people day by day and gave them the good news of a complete victory. It was all these battles and resistance that ultimately led to the uprising of the spring of 1991 and The liberation of Southern Kurdistan, one of the most important wars of this era:
The Battle of Kani Seif, October 20, 1980.
The Battle of Haji Omaran, October 18, 1980.
The Battle of Mount Sorin, early 1982.
The Battle of Biyare, December 3, 1982.
The Battle of Sharezur, May 31, 1982.
The Battle of Siyana Garay, December 10, 1982.
Battle of Sharmin, March 29, 1983.
The Battle of Said Sadiq, August 16, 1983.
Battle of Kanyelinja, November 21, 1983.
The Battle of Acre, 1983.
The Battle of Duhok, August 1984.
The Sersing War, spring 1985.
The Battle of Qaredag, June 1986.
The Battle of Zakho, October 12, 1986.
The Battle of Bask, December 20, 1986.
Battle of Ahmedawa, July 1, 1987.
The Battle of Atrosh, December 4, 1987.
Battle of Bamern, May 26, 1987.
Battle of Basra, July 27, 1987.
The Battle of Kani Mas, September 13, 1987.
The battles of Diyarbakir to Derelok, December 11, 1987.
Battle of Qaradağ, April 20, 1987.
The Battle of Dereluk, August 5, 1987.
The Battle of Hiran, August 16, 1987.
The Battle of Dereluk, December 11, 1988.
The Battle of Balisan, February 26, 1988.
The battles from Zakho to Batifa, February 26, 1988.
The Battle of Halabja, March 12, 1988.
The Battle of the 143rd Regiment, March 13, 1988.
Battle of Zakho, December 8, 1988.
The Battle of Mandil, December 10, 1988.
Source:
- Masoud Barzani, Barzani and the Kurdish Liberation Movement, 1958-1961, Volume 2, (2012).
- Masoud Barzani, Barzani and the Kurdish Liberation Movement 1961-1975, Volume 3, Part 1, (Hewlêr, Ministry of Education Press, 2004).
- Masoud Barzani, Barzani and the Kurdish Liberation Movement 1961-1975, Volume 3, Part 2, (Hewlêr, Ministry of Education Press, 2004).
- Masoud Barzani, Barzani and the Kurdish Liberation Movement 1961-1975, Volume 4, Part 1, (Hewlêr - Roxana Press - 2021).
- Masoud Barzani, Barzani and the Kurdish Liberation Movement 1961-1975, Volume 4, Part 2, (Hewlêr - Roxana Press - 2021).
- History of the Kurdistan Democratic Party (KDP), Congress and Conference (Program and Rules of Procedure). Kurdistan Democratic Party Encyclopedia Committee, Volume 1, (Hewlêr- Rojhelat Press- 2021).
- Salah El-Khirsan, Political Aviation in Kurdistan and Iraq, The History of the Movement and the Kurdish Parties in Iraq 1946-2001, (Beirut- El-Belax Press- 2001).
- Habib Muhammad Karim, History of the Democratic Party of Kurdistan-Iraq (in the leadership position 1946 - 1993), (Dohuk - Xebat Press - 1998.
- 5. The Declaration of the Democratic Party of Kurdistan, Journal of Work (Al-Nizal), Issue 141, Baghdad, December 9, 1960.
- Sherko Fethullah Omer, The Kurdistan Democratic Party and the Liberation Movement of the Kurdish Nation 1946-1957, and The Knights of the Fortress, (Martyr Azad Hewrami Publishing House - 2013).
- Kurdistan Democratic Party Encyclopedia Committee Archives
