Biography

Shakar Muhammad Ahmad was born in 1913 in the village of Silke, belonging to the Shirwan Mazn sub-district in the Mergasor district of Erbil Governorate. On June 21, 1932, he was displaced with his family to the Country of Turkey. He was married and had two daughters named Fahima and Jamia. He studied in the Soviet Union and received an institute diploma. It was there that he married for the second time to Nazira Fazil, and they had two sons named Suleiman and Shawkat. In 1959, after returning from the Soviet Union, Shakar Muhammad was appointed as an employee in Shaqlawa. He had proficiency in the Kurdish and Russian languages. In 1973, he was wounded in the battle of Pirs Mountain, then he suffered from a fatal Illness and passed away in the same year and was buried in the village of Silke.  

Struggle Record

Shakar Muhammad Ahmad, was a policeman at the Bire Kapra police station. On October 15, 1943, he handed over the Bire Kapra village police station to the revolutionaries and joined the ranks of the Second Barzan Revolution. On October 20, 1943, he participated in the capture of the Zeti police station. On August 19, 1945, by order of the Iraq Military court, all his movable and immovable property was seized. On October 11, 1945, after the defeat of the Second Barzan Revolution, he headed to Eastern Kurdistan. On March 31, 1946, he became a Peshmerga in the Barzani force affiliated with the army of the Republic of Kurdistan in Mahabad, and participated in the battles of Razhan, Oshnavieh, and Mahabad. 

After the fall of the Republic of Kurdistan in Mahabad and the return of Barzani from Eastern Kurdistan to Southern Kurdistan, he participated in the Battle of Naghadeh and the Battle of Oshnavieh in Eastern Kurdistan.  

On April 19, 1947, he returned through the Khwakurk and Barazgar plain to the territory of Northern Kurdistan to the Shirwan and Mazuri region. After their return, General Mustafa Barzani held a meeting with his companions on May 15, 1947, in the village of Argosh and gave them the choice of staying or going to the Soviet Union. There, all the companions decided to continue and go to the Soviet Union. On May 23, 1947, he accompanied General Mustafa Barzani towards the Soviet Union and participated in the Battle of Gali Qotur and the Battle of Maku Bridge. After much hardship and fatigue, on June 18, 1947, at the Aras River, which is located on the border between Iran and the Soviet Union, he crossed into the Soviet Union.

After their arrival in the Soviet Union, on June 19, 1947, along with all his companions, they were placed in the city of Nakhchivan in the Republic of Azerbaijan for forty days in an open-air compound surrounded by barbed wire. They were guarded by a group of Military personnel and were treated as prisoners of war in terms of food, clothing, and movement. Later, by the decision of the Soviet Union, they were distributed among the regions of Aghdam, Lachin, Ayulakh, and Kalbajar in the Republic of Azerbaijan. On December 10, 1947, they were moved to a military camp on the Caspian Sea in Baku, the capital of the Republic of Azerbaijan, and on the 23rd of the same month, they were given military uniforms and, under the supervision of the officers of the Republic of Azerbaijan, they were given eight hours of military training daily. At the same time, for four hours a day, they were taught lessons in learning the Kurdish language by some of their companions who were literate.

After the bad treatment of Jafar Baghirov towards Barzani's companions, it was decided to move the military camp on August 29, 1948, from the Republic of Azerbaijan to the Charchuk community near Tashkent, the capital of the Republic of Uzbekistan, where they continued their military training.

In March 1949, along with his companions, they were distributed in groups and squads by train among the collective villages of the Soviet Union and worked on the collective farms (the lands that people rented from the government and later gave back the government's share). 

After much effort and sending several letters by General Barzani to Stalin, finally a letter reached Stalin in which Barzani described the hardships of his companions, and he immediately decided to form a committee to investigate the Situation of Barzani's companions, and finally the committee's decision was that they should all be gathered in the city of Vrevsky, so he went to the city of Vrevsky in the Soviet Union in November 1951.

After the July 14, 1958 revolution in Iraq and the return of General Mustafa Barzani, on February 25, 1959, and according to both the third and seventh articles and paragraph (A) of the tenth article and the implementation of article (11) based on the amended Law No. 19 of 1959, he and his companions were granted a general amnesty. 

In 1958, the Republic of Iraq was established under the presidency of Abdul Karim Qasim. On April 16, 1959, along with his companions, he returned to Kurdistan by the ship Grozia via the port of Basra in the south of the Republic of Iraq.

In 1961, he joined the strong Peshmerga force of the Aylul Revolution , received the rank of company commander within the Peshmerga force, and participated in the battles of Barzan, Diana, the Dolamari region, and Mergasor. In 1973, he participated in the battle of Pirs Mountain in the Akre region. 

Sources:

  1. Archive of the Kurdistan Democratic Party Encyclopedia Board.

  2. Safa Jaf, The National and Patriotic Aylul Revolution and the Prestige of Asad Khoshawi, (Erbil – Minara Printing House - 2007 AD).

  3. Shaban Ali Shaban, Some Political Information and History, Third Edition, (Erbil - Rojhalat Printing House - 2013 AD).

  4. Omar Farouqi, Sardar Dana: The Life and Struggles of the Late Mullah Mustafa Barzani, Second Edition, (Erbil - Ministry of Education Printing House - 2002 AD).

  5. Abdulrahman Mullah Habib Abu Bakr, The Barzan Tribe Between 1931 - 1991, First Edition, (Erbil - Ministry of Culture Printing House – 2001 AD).

  6. Karwan Muhammad Majid, The Barzanis from Mahabad to the Soviets, First Edition, (Sulaymaniyah - Paywand Printing House - 2011 AD).

  7. Hataw Magazine, Issue 154, Sixth Year, Erbil, Kurdistan Printing House, Friday, April 15, 1959.

  8. From the memoirs of the martyr commander Haso Mirxan Zhazhoki, 62 Days with Barzani: The Departure of the Barzanis to the Soviet Union, First Edition (Erbil - Roshinbiri Printing House - 1997 AD).

  9. Laith Abdul-Muhsin Jawad Al-Zubaidi, The July 14, 1958 Revolution in Iraq, (Baghdad - Dar Al-Rashid for Publishing - 1979 AD).

  10. Masoud Barzani, Barzani and the Kurdish Liberation Movement 1931 - 1958, (Duhok - Khabat Printing House - 1998 AD).

  11. Masoud Barzani, Barzani and the Kurdish Liberation Movement 1931 - 1958, Volume One, (Erbil - Unknown Printing House - 2012 AD).

  12. Najaf Qoli Pessian, From Bloody Mahabad to the Banks of the Aras, trans. Shawkat Sheikh Yazdin, First Edition, (Pirmam - Golden Jubilee of the Kurdistan Democratic Party - 1996 AD).