the biography
He was born in 1903 in the village of Bendero, which belongs to the Shirwan Mazin sub-district in the Mergasur district of Erbil Governorate. Before moving to the Soviet Union, he married Fatima Muhammad Jibril, and they had a son named Khurshid Salim (1941), but he died in 1941 in the Republic of Mahabad. He completed the military college in the Soviet Union and married Maria there. He was fluent in both Kurdish and Russian. He died on March 30, 1986, in Tehran and was buried in the Zewa cemetery in eastern Kurdistan.
pages of struggle
He joined the ranks of the first Barzan uprising in 1931 and participated in the battles. In 1943, he became a fighter in the second Barzan uprising and participated in all its battles. On August 19, 1945, all his movable and immovable property was confiscated by order of the Iraqi military court following the setback of the second Barzan uprising. On October 11, 1945, he and his family went to eastern Kurdistan. On March 31, 1946, he joined the Peshmerga forces in the Barzan unit of the Kurdistan Democratic Republic's army as a Peshmerga fighter with the rank of platoon commander. He participated in the battles of Mayandaw and Kadira. After the collapse of the Kurdistan Democratic Republic, on March 19, 1947, he participated in the battles of Naghda and Shino in eastern Kurdistan.
He was among his Peshmerga comrades, and on April 19, 1947, he returned via (Khwakurk and the Barazkara Plain) through the lands of northern Kurdistan to the Shirwan and Mazuri regions.
Upon their return, General Mustafa Barzani held a meeting with his comrades in the village of Arkush on May 15, 1947, and gave them the choice of staying or going to the Soviet Union. There, all his comrades decided to continue and head to the Soviet Union. On May 23, 1947, they accompanied General Mustafa Barzani to the Soviet Union, participating in the battles of Qatur and the Maku Bridge. After great hardship and exhaustion, they crossed the Aras River on June 18, 1947, which lies on the border between Iran and the Soviet Union.
After arriving in the Soviet Union on June 19, 1947, he and all his comrades were detained in Nakhchivan, Azerbaijan, for forty days in an open compound surrounded by barbed wire and guarded by soldiers. They were treated as prisoners of war in terms of food, clothing, and transportation. By order of the Soviet government, they were later distributed to the Aghdam, Lachin, Ayulakh, and Kalbajar regions of the Republic of Azerbaijan. On December 10, 1947, they were transferred to a camp on the Caspian Sea in Baku, the capital of the Republic of Azerbaijan. On December 23, they received military uniforms and underwent eight hours of daily military training under the supervision of officers from the Republic of Azerbaijan. At the same time, they received four hours of daily Kurdish language lessons from some of their more educated comrades.
After Jafar Bagirov mistreated his comrades, Barzani decided to move his military assembly from Azerbaijan on August 29, 1948, to the Girjuk complex near the Uzbek capital, Tashkent, where they continued their military training.
In March 1949, he and his comrades were distributed in groups by train to cooperative villages in the Soviet Union and worked on kolkhoz farms (land that people rented from the government and then paid a share of to the government).
After great efforts and sending several letters from General Barzani to Stalin, Stalin finally received a letter in which Barzani spoke about the suffering of his comrades, and he immediately decided to form a committee to investigate the situation of Barzani’s comrades. The committee’s final decision was that they should be gathered in the city of Frivsky, so in November 1951 he went to the Soviet city of Frivsky.
Following the July 14, 1958 revolution in Iraq and the return of General Mustafa Barzani on February 25, 1959, a general amnesty was granted to Barzani and his associates according to Articles (3) and (7) and paragraph (a) of Article (10), and Article (11) was implemented based on Law No. (19) amended for the year 1959.
The Republic of Iraq was founded in 1958 under the leadership of Abdul Karim Qasim, and on April 16, 1959, he and his companions returned to Kurdistan on board the ship Crusia via the port of Basra in southern Iraq.
In 1961 he was at the headquarters of the late Barzani in Haji Omran (Erbil), and in 1964 he contacted Sheikh Ahmed Barzani, and in 1975 after the setback of the September Revolution he returned to his hometown, and in 1978 he was deported by the Iraqi government to Baharka, and in 1983 he sought refuge in the Islamic Republic of Iran.
Sources
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17.Archive of the Encyclopedia Authority of the Kurdistan Democratic Party.
