Biography

Omar Hado Omar Shanadari was born in 1925 in the village of Shanadari, affiliated with the Goratu sub-district in the Mergasor district of Erbil province. He married in the Soviet Union. He studied there and completed a military institute. In 1959, he was employed as an official in the Directorate of Agriculture. He knew three languages: Kurdish, Turkish, and Russian. He passed away on May 3, 1995, in the village of Shanadari.

Struggle History

After the outbreak of the Second Barzan Revolution, Sheikh Omar Shanadari joined the ranks of the revolution in 1943. For this reason, on August 19, 1945, by order of the military martial court, all his movable and immovable property was seized.

On October 11, 1945, after the collapse of the Second Barzan Revolution, he crossed into Eastern Kurdistan with Mustafa Barzani and his companions. After the establishment of the Republic of Kurdistan in Mahabad, on March 31, 1946, he defended the Republic within the framework of the Barzan force.

After the fall of the Republic of Kurdistan in Mahabad and the return of Barzani from Eastern Kurdistan to Southern Kurdistan, he participated in the Battle of Naghadeh and the Battle of Oshnavieh in Eastern Kurdistan. He was also among the Peshmerga who returned to the Shirwan and Mizuri region on April 19, 1947, through (Khwakurk and the Bazargir plain) via the territory of Northern Kurdistan.

After their return, General Mustafa Barzani held a meeting with his companions in the village of Argosh on May 6, 1947, and gave them the choice to stay or head towards the Soviet Union. There, all his companions decided to continue and head towards the Soviet Union. On May 23, 1947, he accompanied General Mustafa Barzani towards the Soviet Union and participated in the Battle of Gali Qotur and the Battle of Maku Bridge. After much hardship and fatigue, on June 18, 1947, he crossed the Aras River, which is located on the border between Iran and the Soviet Union, into the Soviet Union.

After arriving in the Soviet Union, on June 19, 1947, he and all his companions were placed in the city of Nakhchivan in the Republic of Azerbaijan for forty days in an open-air compound surrounded by barbed wire. They were guarded by a group of soldiers and were treated like prisoners of war in terms of food, clothing, and movement. Later, by the decision of the Soviet government, they were distributed among the regions of Aghdam, Lachin, Ayulakh, and Kalbajar in the Republic of Azerbaijan. On December 10, 1947, they were moved to a military camp on the Caspian Sea in Baku, the capital of the Republic of Azerbaijan, and on the 23rd of the same month, they were given military uniforms and, under the supervision of officers of the Republic of Azerbaijan, were given eight hours of military training daily. At the same time, for four hours daily, they were taught lessons in learning the Kurdish language by some of their companions who were literate.

After Jafar Bagirov's poor treatment of his companions, it was decided to move the military camp on August 29, 1948, from the Republic of Azerbaijan to the Charchuk community near Tashkent, the capital of the Republic of Uzbekistan, where they continued their military training.

In March 1949, he and his companions were distributed in groups and squads by train among the collective villages of the Soviet Union and worked in the Kolkhoz farms (lands that people rented from the government and later gave the government's share back).

After much effort and sending several letters by General Barzani to Stalin, a letter finally reached Stalin in which Barzani described the hardships of his companions, and he immediately ordered the formation of a committee to investigate the situation of Barzani's companions. Eventually, the committee's decision was that they should all be gathered in the city of Vrevsky, so he went to the city of Vrevsky in the Soviet Union in November 1951.

After the July 14, 1958 revolution in Iraq and the return of General Mustafa Barzani, on February 25, 1959, and according to both the third and seventh articles and paragraph (A) of the tenth article and the implementation of the eleventh article, based on the amended Law No. 19 of 1959, he and his companions were covered by the general amnesty.

In 1958, the Republic of Iraq was established under the presidency of Abdul Karim Qasim. On April 16, 1959, he and his companions returned to Kurdistan by the ship Gruzia via the port of Basra in the south of the Republic of Iraq.

 In 1961, he participated in the Aylul Revolution and participated in the battles of Mount Pires and Bijil. By the order of Mela Mustafa Barzani , he went to the Pishdar region with his three brothers. In 1975, after the collapse of the Aylul Revolution, he went to the country of Iran as a refugee and returned to Southern Kurdistan in 1994.

Sources:

  1. Archive of the Encyclopedia Board of the Kurdistan Democratic Party.

  2. Hamid Gardi, Summary of History, First Edition, (Erbil - Aras Printing and Publishing House - Ministry of Education Press - 2004).
  3. Haidar Farooq Al-Samarrai, Zia Jaafar and his Political and Economic Role in Iraq, (London - Dar Al-Hikma - 2016).
  4. Text of the General Amnesty Committee decision to restore the reputation of the martyrs of the Barzan revolution, Rizgari Magazine, Issue 3, 2, Al-Rabita Press, Baghdad, April 1, 1959.
  5. Masoud Barzani, Barzani and the Kurdish Liberation Movement 1931-1958, (Duhok - Khabat Press - 1998).