Biography

Muhammad Mahmud Abdulrahman was born in the city of Mosul in Year 1933, was sent on a government scholarship to the United Kingdom in Year 1952, was accepted in Year 1953 at the University of Manchester, obtained a Master's degree in Electrical Engineering in Year 1957 and returned to Iraq and was appointed as an engineer in the Ministry of Oil in Year 1958, was one of the founders of the Iraqi Engineers Syndicate in Year 1958, was granted the rank of Second Lieutenant Alternate in Mosul in Year 1959 and expressed his support for the Leader Staff Colonel Abd al-Karim Qasim (-1963) and stood against the rebellion of Staff Colonel Abd al-Wahhab al-Shawaf, married in Year 1961 his cousin Fawzia Amin Abdulrahman, and was martyred on 1 February 2004 as a result of a terrorist operation in the city of Erbil at the hands of the terrorist Al-Qaeda group. He was fluent in languages (Kurdish, Arabic, and English).

Struggle Pages

  Muhammad Mahmud Abdulrahman struggled when he was a student in the United Kingdom in Year 1954, served in the Iraqi Students Society affiliated with the Iraqi Communist Party, and was elected Member of the Administrative Body for Iraqi Communist Party students at the University of Manchester in the United Kingdom, was accepted as a member of the Kurdish Students Society in Europe in Year 1957, and was responsible for the Iraqi Communist Party in the United Kingdom in the fifties of the twentieth century.

After the 8 February 1963 coup and the pursuit of communists, he joined the ranks of the Peshmerga Forces, where he initially worked as a media person and was a member of the editorial board of the Voice of Kurdistan of Iraq radio, which was broadcasting in the Kardarash cave in Sulaymaniyah Governorate. In Year 1965, he worked as a member of the editorial board of Khabat newspaper, the mouthpiece of the Kurdistan Democratic Party, and in the same year, he was appointed responsible for the Voice of Kurdistan radio. 

He was chosen as a member of the Revolutionary Command Council in Kurdistan of Iraq on 1 August 1966, then a member of the Executive Bureau of the Revolutionary Command Council in Kurdistan of Iraq, elected Member of the Central Committee and then Member of the Political Bureau in the two congresses (Seventh 1966) and (Eighth 1970) of the Kurdistan Democratic Party, and in the same year, he became an assistant to the official of the Military Bureau in the Executive Bureau of the Revolutionary Command Council in Kurdistan of Iraq, and at the same time, he was a member of the Foreign Relations Committee in the Executive Bureau of the Revolutionary Command Council in Kurdistan of Iraq, and was a Delegate as a member of the Political Bureau of the Kurdistan Democratic Party to the Kani Samak military-political conference under the sponsorship of the Leader Mustafa Barzani on 15 April 1967. In the late sixties, he had an active role in preparing cadres and gave lectures in preparation courses.     

He played a distinguished role as a military Commander, as he supervised the epic of Bera Makrun on 18 November 1969, and supervised at the end of the same year the battle of Surdash, and was appointed Commander-in-Chief of the operations to strike the Kirkuk Oil Company in Baba Gurgur on 1 March 1969. Given his knowledge and experience in political and diplomatic struggle, his capabilities and experiences were relied upon in every place or time. In Year 1979, he was a member of the seven-member Peace Committee between the Kurdistan Democratic Party and the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party, was a member of the Kurdistan Democratic Party delegation negotiating with Ba'ath Party officials to Baghdad, consisting of nine people, to conduct negotiations regarding autonomy for southern Kurdistan, and was a member of the Kurdistan Democratic Party for the announcement of the 11 March 1970 agreement by the President of the Republic Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr (1914-1982).

He was appointed Minister of Northern Affairs in the cabinet of Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr, and on 7 August 1970, he accompanied Ismail Aziz Mustafa (1938-2017), known as Sheikh Ismail Mulla Aziz, deputy official of the Fifth Branch Committee of the Kurdistan Democratic Party, on a visit to the Leader Mustafa Barzani at his summer Headquarters in Haji Omaran for the purpose of reconnecting with the ranks of the party.

On 12 March 1974, on the occasion of the non-implementation of the 11 March agreement by the Iraqi government, he submitted his resignation to the President of the Republic of Iraq Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr, was dismissed from the position of Minister of Northern Affairs by a republican decree in the cabinet of Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr on 7 April 1974, his house was seized by the Iraqi government on 28 April 1974, and his family was expelled, heading to the liberated areas. In early March 1974, he was appointed for a short period to the position of official of the General Secretariat for Education and Higher Education in Aylul Revolution, and was appointed responsible for media in Year 1974 with the start of the war between the Iraqi Army and the Kurdistan Revolutionary Army.

He took refuge in Iran after the setback of Aylul Revolution in Year 1975, and in the same year, he left for Britain. He was tasked by Comrade Masoud Barzani in Year 1975 to make preparations for the start of the Gulan Revolution, and in Year 1976, he became a member of the Provisional Leadership of the Kurdistan Democratic Party (Berlin Conference). 

He joined the ranks of the Peshmerga Forces again in Year 1977 through northern Kurdistan and in cooperation with the Turkish Kurdistan Democratic Party, and struggled under the secret names (Salih) and then (Dara). He delivered the opening speech on the Voice of Kurdistan radio in the liberated areas of the Gulan Revolution in Year 1977, and participated in the expanded Bedwal meeting of the Provisional Leadership of the Kurdistan Democratic Party on 15 November 1977 with the aim of reorganizing the Peshmerga Forces and activating the organizations. He was appointed temporary secretary of the Provisional Leadership of the Kurdistan Democratic Party until the date of holding the Ninth Congress, and he was arrested by the authorities of the Islamic Republic of Iran in Year 1977 and did not participate in the Ninth Congress of the Kurdistan Democratic Party. An attempt was made to release him from the prisons of the Islamic Republic of Iran in Year 1979 by the President Masoud Barzani، Idris Barzani, and Wesley Gryk, official of the Refugee Protection Department at the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees and the Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, and he was released at the end of September 1980, where he returned to the United Kingdom. 

He founded the Kurdistan Democratic People's Party in Year 1981, and from 26 to 30 July 1981, he was elected by the Delegates of the Congress in the first congress of the Kurdistan Democratic People's Party as Secretary-General of the party. In Year 1992, he was elected Member of the Central Committee and Member of the Presidency of the Kurdistan Union Party (PASOK, HASOK, GEL) in the first congress of the party, became a member of the Political Bureau of the Unified Kurdistan Democratic Party in the Eleventh Congress of the party in Year 1993, and signed on 4 May 1994 a ceasefire and the normalization of the conditions of southern Kurdistan in the joint meeting between the Kurdistan Democratic Party and the Patriotic Union of Kurdistan.  

He took the legal oath before the Kurdistan National Council as Deputy Prime Minister of the Kurdistan Regional Government in the fourth cabinet on December 20, 1999. He was re-elected as a member of the Political Bureau of the Kurdistan Democratic Party at the Twelfth Congress of the Party in 1999. He was appointed as a member of the committee to select members of the Constitution Congress by the Iraqi Governing Council on August 12, 2003, and in 2003 he became a member of the committee to draft the Iraqi Constitution.

He was martyred on February 1, 2004, following a terrorist operation in the city of Erbil carried out by the terrorist Al-Qaeda group. President Masoud Barzani sent a telegram of condolence to the people of Kurdistan on this occasion. Nechirvan Idris Mustafa, known as Nechirvan Barzani Prime Minister of the Kurdistan Regional Government, also sent a telegram of condolence to the people of Kurdistan on the same occasion, as he was holding the position of Secretary of the Political Bureau of the Kurdistan Democratic Party and Deputy Prime Minister of the Kurdistan Regional Government at the time of his martyrdom.  

Among his works: A Tour in the Scorched Earth - 1988.

Beginnings and Horizons - 1988.

From My Papers - 1991.

The World Looks Forward to Kurdish Peace - 1998, translated into Kurdish under the title 'Donya Chawerwani Ashti Kurda'.

On the Principles of Diplomacy, Dialogue, and Negotiation - 1998, translated into Kurdish under the title 'Di Rewresmen Diplomasiyet u Dayalog u Danustane da'.

About the Diplomacy of the Kurdistan Democratic Party - 1999.

Training Cadres - No Year.

About the Diplomacy of the Kurdistan Democratic Party - 1999.

Sources:

  1. Ali Sinjari, The Kurdish Issue and the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party in Iraq, Part Three, (Duhok - Khani Press - 2012 AD).

  2. History of the Kurdistan Democratic Party, Congress and Conference (Program and Internal Regulations), Encyclopedia Institution of the Kurdistan Democratic Party, Volume One, (Erbil - Roxana Press - 2021).

  3. Habib Muhammad Karim, Kirkuk and the Glorious September Revolution, Gulan Arab Magazine, Gulan Cultural Center, Issue 70, Sixth Year, Erbil, Ministry of Education Press, March 31, 2002 AD.

  4. Nawzad Ali Ahmed, Journalism of the Kurdistan Democratic Party Outside the Homeland, (Sulaymaniyah - Zhi Institution for the Revival of Kurdish Documentary and Journalistic Heritage - 2010 AD).

  5. Pala Bawani, The Personality of the Martyr Sami and Some Memories, Khazir Magazine, Bardarash Cultural Center, Issue 9, Erbil, Minara Press, Spring 2005 AD.

  6. Archive of the Encyclopedia Institution of the Kurdistan Democratic Party

  7. Preparation and Editing: Sharif Hazhari, The National Movement of Southern Kurdistan 1961-1977 in the Secret Documents of the British Foreign Ministry, translated by Pasar Shirko, (Sulaymaniyah - Panjara Press - 2016 AD).

  8. Muhammad Sahl Taqoush, History of the Kurds 637-2015, (Beirut - Dar Al-Nafa'is for Printing, Publishing and Distribution - 2015 AD).

  9. Hamid Gawhari, Mustafa Barzani, Peshmerga and Leader, (Erbil - Rojhalat Press - 2017 AD).

  10. Habib Muhammad Karim, History of the Kurdistan Democratic Party - Iraq (In Key Stations) 1946-1993, (Duhok - Khabat Press - 1998 AD).

  11. Sami Shorish, Kurdistan and the Kurds, Second Edition, (Erbil - Rojhalat Press - 2019 AD).

Sami Abdulrahman, From My Papers, (Kurdistan - Publications of the Kurdistan Democratic People's Party - Gal Press - 1991 AD).

  • Ali Sinjari, The Kurdish Issue and the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party in Iraq, Part Three, (Duhok - Khani Press - 2012 AD).

  • Ali Sinjari, The Truth of the March of the September 11, 1961 Revolution, (Duhok - Khani Press - 2013 AD).

  • Evdirehman Gundiki, A Letter to Sirnak, (Istanbul - Doz Publishing House - 2016 AD).

  • Kerim Sharaza, Kurdish Politician Martyr Sami Abdulrahman, Dictionary of Immortal Names, Volume One, Preparation and Supervision by Mumtaz Haidari, Hirsh Sinjari and Karwan Qasim, (Erbil - Mumtaz Haidari Library and Archive - Rojhalat Press - 2014 AD).

  • Muhammad Mela Qadir, Struggle Record, A Brief History of the Party and the Culture of the Immortal Barzani, Second Edition, (Erbil - Aras Printing and Publishing Institution - 2007 AD).

  • Masoud Barzani, Barzani and the Kurdish Liberation Movement, Volume Three, Second Edition, (Erbil - Ministry of Education Press - 2002 AD).