Mihemed Mehmud Mihemed Ehmed, known by the name (Mihemed Qudsî). Officer and politician, in 1938 he was a member of the Xoybûn association and the Birayetî association. In 1939 he was a member of the Hîwa Party, in 1942 he was one of the Kurdish officers in the ranks of the Iraqi army with the rank of Cîdar (Lieutenant), in 1944 he participated in the second Barzani revolution, in 1945 he was a member of the Freedom Committee. In 1946 he was on the founding committee of the Kurdish Democratic Party in the city of Mahabad. In 1947, he was executed by the Iraqi government in the city of Baghdad for participating in the second Barzani revolution (1943 - 1945).

 

Biography

Mihemed Mehmud Mihemed Ehmed was born in the city of Jerusalem, and for that reason, he took the nickname of his city. His father Mehmud Efendî (1894 - 1969) was one of the officers of the Ottoman army and was later accepted into the Iraqi army. Because of his son's connections with the second Barzani revolution, he was dismissed from the ranks of the army. Qeral Xana, his mother, was of Circassian nationality from the Caucasus. Mihemed Qudsî studied the first grade of primary school in the city of Mosul in 1927. In 1928, he started the second grade in the city of Sulaymaniyah. He completed the primary stage at the Xalîdiye primary school and, to better learn the Sulaymaniyah dialect, he studied with Fayiq Bêkes and received the nickname Qudsî there. He completed the middle stage in the city of Sulaymaniyah and, because of his ability in sports, he was known as the star of Jerusalem. In 1930, he was a member of the Scout Troop of the first school of Sulaymaniyah. In 1932, in the city of Sulaymaniyah, he was the Commander of the Scout Troop of the school. In 1937, he was one of the founders of the Unity association in the city of Sulaymaniyah. In 1938, he connected with the ranks of the Xoybûn association and the Birayetî association in the city of Sulaymaniyah. In 1939, he connected with the ranks of the Kurdish Hîwa Party. In 1940, he graduated from the officer candidate course. In 1942, he completed the military college of Baghdad with the rank of Cîdar (Second Lieutenant). In 1943, he was one of the active members of the Kurdish Hîwa Party in the town of Rawandiz (Erbil). In 1943, he worked as a director for theater in the town of Rawandiz.

Work History

Mihemed Mehmud Mihemed Ehmed, in 1943 was with Mustafa Barzani and they visited the city of Baghdad. In 1944, he left the ranks of the Iraqi Kingdom's army and participated in the second Barzani revolution. On February 10, 1945, he was a messenger for the Kurdish Hîwa Party and for President Mustafa Barzani Commander of the Second Barzani Revolution and Head of the Freedom Committee in the second Barzani revolution, on January 15, 1945, he was a founding member of the Freedom Committee. In 1945, after the negotiations between the Freedom Committee and the Iraqi Kingdom Government, he and a part of the revolutionary officers surrendered to the government. However, they were tightened in the Baghdad prison and later, through Celal Emîn Beg, they saved themselves towards the liberated areas. In 1945, he published articles in the Gelawêj magazine, on March 25, 1945, he was a member of the negotiation delegation of the Freedom Committee chaired by Mustafa Barzani and in the village of Şawraw on the border of Erbil province, he held a meeting with Captain Stooks, the Delegate of the British Embassy. In 1945, he was with President Mustafa Barzani on a trip to the Behdînan region with the aim of uniting tribes and clans against the Iraqi Kingdom's army, on August 19, 1945, the Military Orfi Court, because of his participation in the second Barzani revolution, issued an order to seize all his movable and immovable assets. In 1945, after the defeat of the second Barzani revolution, he migrated to East Kurdistan.

 

In 1946, he participated in the teaching and training of the Peshmerga of the Army of the Republic of Kurdistan at the Military Training Center in the city of Mahabad. In 1946, in the army of the Republic of Kurdistan, his rank was promoted and he became a Captain (Neqîb, Captain), on March 21, 1946, at the Newroz celebration in the city of Mahabad, he presented a speech to the public and it was also printed in the Kurdistan Newspaper, the organ of the Kurdistan Democratic Party. In 1946, with the consent of Sheikh Ehmed Sheikh Mihemed Sheikh Ebdulselam (1892 - 1969) who was known as Sheikh Ehmed Barzani and General Mustafa Barzani he and Celal Emîn Beg collaborated with Îsmaîl Erdelan for the writing of the book Secrets of Barzan. In 1946, in the city of Mahabad, he was on the founding committee of the Kurdish Democratic Party. In 1946, he translated the first declaration of the establishment of the Kurdish Democratic Party, which had been written in Arabic by the lawyer Hemze Ebdula Omer (1915 - 1998), into the Kurdish language (Central Kurmanji) and printed it at the Kurdistan printing house in the city of Mahabad. In 1946, he was the head of the youth organization of Saqqez in East Kurdistan. In 1946, he translated the first bylaw and program of the Kurdistan Democratic Party from Arabic to Kurdish. In 1946, through the Pêşketin library in the town of Rawandiz, he printed a brochure and pamphlet titled Homeland and Patriotism consisting of 16 pages. On May 7, 1946, with President Mustafa Barzani he participated in the opening of the School of the Sons of the Leaders of Kurdistan in the city of Bukan and presented the speech of President Mustafa Barzani to the attendees.

 

In 1946, after the defeat of the Republic of Kurdistan under the command of General Mustafa Barzani fought against the Iranian army. In the year 1947, after the defeat of the Republic of Kurdistan and the completion of the final defenses, he attempted to escape with a group of his friends, but they were unsuccessful, and for that reason, he was forced to surrender to the Iraqi police on April 10, 1947. Many Kurdish figures visited the city of Baghdad to speak with the authorities to try to ensure he would not be executed. Because the Military Court of the Monarchy had already ordered his execution in 1945, and although they had decided he would not be executed, they quickly held a fake trial in 1947 and secretly decided on his hanging until death, which confirmed the previous sentence against him. A large portion of the Kurdish figures residing in the city of Baghdad made a great effort to have the authorities of the Iraqi Monarchy suspend the execution order, but due to the insistence of Salih Jabr (1895 - 1957), the Prime Minister of Iraq, this effort of theirs did not succeed. Before his hanging and that of three of his friends, he wrote a will for the people in which he confirmed his hanging for the freedom of the homeland.

 

On June 19, 1947, at the time of his execution, he was in high spirits and morale, and with a national slogan and the expression of hope for the passing of Mustafa Barzani and his friends across the Aras River and their arrival in the Soviet Union, he went to the gallows. On June 19, 1947, in the courtyard of the central prison of Baghdad, he was executed before the eyes of the imprisoned Kurds. On June 19, 1947, his body was received by Abdul Samad Bena, a member of the central committee of the Kurdish Democratic Party, and the Kurdish delegation, and they sent it to the city of Sulaymaniyah. During the transport of his body from the central prison of Baghdad to the city of Sulaymaniyah, thousands of Kurds stood at the prison gate. Faiq (1905 - 1948), who was known as Faiq the Lonely, a Kurdish poet, welcomed his body and the delegation of martyrs and wrote a poem titled "The Kurdish Nation," which was recited as an anthem during the reception of their bodies. That mourning poem for the martyrs of June 19th speaks of all four martyrs. At the beginning of their execution, they were present, and his body was welcomed by a large crowd in the city of Sulaymaniyah, and on this occasion, the great Kurdish poet Tofiq (1867 - 1950) Piramerd wrote the poem "Kostey Niwêy" and he was laid to rest in the city of Sulaymaniyah on Seywan Hill. The Baghdad radio broadcast the news of his execution. In 1959, Kamiran Mukri (1929 - 1986) published a 31-page book titled "The Immortal Muhammad Qudsi" in the city of Sulaymaniyah. Muhammad Qudsi was an expert in the Kurdish, Arabic, and English languages.

 

His works:

1- What is Homeland and Patriotism? 1946 


 

References:

1- Archive of the Encyclopedia Board of the Kurdistan Democratic Party.