The stability of the Situation in Southern Kurdistan, as agreed upon in the March 11 of the year 1970, did not last long, and the Baghdad government was increasingly reneging on its promises, and the leadership of the revolution was moving further away from the government, more hopeless than ever, until the year 1974 when war broke out between the two sides. This Situation certainly had a great impact on the organizational work and mass organizations of the Kurdistan Democratic Party, especially the Kurdistan Students Union, as its work and organizations covered most areas of Iraq.
After holding the seventh Congress of the Kurdistan Students Union, due to the unstable Situation, the goal of holding the annual Congress as decided could not be achieved. This Situation became more complicated after the Algiers Agreement of 6 March 1975 and the Fall of the September national revolution, as internal Party organizations in Southern Kurdistan were completely paralyzed and a large number of Kurds in Iraq were displaced to neighboring countries, especially the country of Iran.
Despite the Algiers Agreement and the Fall of the revolution, efforts to re-establish the organizations of the Kurdistan Students Union did not stop. On 16 December 1975, the first secret organization of the Kurdistan Students Union was re-established by Rebar Mela Hussein Avdal in the city of Zakho. In a short period, this secret organization was able to develop its work and Activity and become a platform for conveying the voice of the revolution to the people of Southern Kurdistan. This secret organization ended after the exposure and execution of Rebar Mela Ismail on 23 April 19761.
The work and Activity of the Kurdistan Students Union organizations were very limited due to the strict surveillance imposed on the refugees in Iran, until the monarchy regime in Iran collapsed in 1979 and the Islamic Republic of Iran took its place. This change in the Iranian government granted a degree of freedom of action to the refugees. The Students Union organizations resumed their activities, and on 17 of May 1979, still under the name "Kurdistan Students Union," they held a large meeting in the city of Karaj, Iran. In that meeting, a new secretariat for the Iranian organization of the Kurdistan Students Union was formed, consisting of: Dilshad Barzani, Haval Zakaria Akrayi, Sherko Burhan Dizayi, Helmet Ali Abdullah, Saifaddin Rashid Sindi, Taha Abdulrahman Barwari, and Haji Abdulrahman Darwish2.
After holding this large meeting, also in the year 1979, the magazine (Dangi Qutabi) in the Kurd language and the magazine (Sedaye Danesh-amooz) in the Persian language were published by the Iranian organization of the Kurdistan Students Union3.
This meeting paved the way for the Kurdistan Students Union conference to be held in 1981. The conference was held in the city of Karaj with the attendance of 67 members, and the refugee branch of the Kurdistan Students Union was established. The publication (Dangi Qutabian), the organ of the Iranian organization of the Kurdistan Students Union, became the organ of the refugee branch4 and the branch head and administrators were elected by vote, who were:
1- Haji Abdulrahman Darwish- Branch Head
2- Taha Abdulrahman Barwari- Branch Administrator
3- Zanoon Younis Rozbayani- Branch Administrator
4- Haji Ramazan Akrey- Branch Executive5.
After the establishment of the displaced branch of the Kurdistan Students Union, the organizations expanded and began working very actively; later, the branch held its second conference in the year 1982 and its third conference in the year 19836.
After holding this conference, until the year 1986, no significant change occurred in the Situation of the Kurdistan Students Union organizations.
Although during that period the organizations of the displaced branch of the Kurdistan Democratic Youth Union, and even the branches of Erbil, Sulaymaniyah, and Kirkuk after the year 1983, had begun working actively and were playing an influential role alongside the Kurdistan Students Union organizations, for that reason and because of the closeness of their struggle to each other, by the Party leadership and the secretariat of both organizations in the year 1986 the decision for the merger and the joint conference of both organizations was made7.
Conference proceedings:From the 28 to the 30 of August 1986, in the village of Khnerê in Erbil Governorate, under the slogan (Towards unity to overthrow the regime and end the war so that we can study in peace and democracy), the joint conference of the Kurdistan Students Union and the Kurdistan Democratic Youth Union began its work with the presence of 77 delegates. The purpose of this conference was to unify the Kurdistan Students Union and the Kurdistan Democratic Youth Union into one organization8.
At the beginning, the speech of the conference supervisory committee was read, and then the message of President Masoud Barzani, the statement of the Political Bureau of the Kurdistan Democratic Party, the letter of the Kurdistan National Liberation (KUK) and the Liberation Secretariat were read9.
In this conference, a committee of 15 people was elected for the executive committee of the Kurdistan Students and Democratic Youth Union as follows:
1- Kristof Yalda Torxan, Known as Rebwar Yalda, Secretary.
2- Kurdistan Pirdawood Qadir
3- Haji Abdulrahman
4- Ibrahim Mustafa
5- Abdullah Khalo Ali
6- Ismail Ibrahim Fattah, Known as Smko Amedi
7- Faryad Shafiq Muhammad, Known as Faryad Barzani
8- Tayar Salim
9- Ahmed Malla Qasim
10- Adil Ali
11- Azad Fayaq Ghafur, Dzhwar Fayaq
12- Nawzad Muhammad Najib
13- Rafaat Saeed Muhammad Amin
14- Ihsan Abdullah Qasim Known as Ihsan Amedi
15- Rizgar Kamaki, Known as Rizgar Kurdistani10.
Substitute members of the Executive Committee1- Ahmed Dizgari
2- Nabi Ahmed
3- Hassan Muhammad Hassan, Known as Hassan Shabiba11.
In the first meeting of the Executive Committee, which took place on 20 September 1986 at the headquarters of the Political Bureau of the Kurdistan Democratic Party and in the presence of comrades Idris Barzani and Fazel Mirani The members of the Political Bureau and the Secretariat Bureau of the Kurdistan Democratic Students and Youth Union were elected as follows:
1- Rebwar Yalda- Secretary.
2- Haji Abdulrahman- Member of the Secretariat Bureau.
3- Ibrahim Mustafa Muhammad- Member of the Secretariat Bureau.
4- Faryad Barzani- Member of the Secretariat Bureau.
5- Abdullah Khalo- Member of the Secretariat Bureau.
The heads of the branches were also designated among the members of the executive committee as follows:
1- Adil Ali- Head of Erbil Branch.
2- Dzhwar Faiq- Head of Kirkuk Branch.
3- Nawzad Muhammad Najib- Head of Sulaymaniyah Branch.
4- Rafat Saeed Muhammadamin- Head of Displaced Branch.
5- Samko Amedi - Head of the Duhok-Nineveh Branch 12.
This conference issued a set of decisions, including:
Publishing the Pishkawtin magazine, the first issue of which was published in January 1987, in 16 pages, and the last issue of the mountain struggle phase, which is number twenty-two, was printed in November 1990 13. Paving the way for the unification of the organizations of the Kurdistan Students Union and the Kurdistan Democratic Youth Union. Broadcasting topics and activities on the Voice of Kurdistan radio. Supporting Gulan Revolution and the National Front and opposing the policy of Arabization in Southern Kurdistan14.
Among the important activities of this phase from a political perspective was the issuance of a support statement by the International Union of Students and Youth (I.U.S) at the Havana Congress in the year 1987 for the Kurd cause and the Kurdistan Democratic Students and Youth Union. This union was active in 127 Country and regions. Also, in the month of July of the year 1989, they participated in the Pyongyang Congress which was organized by the World Federation of Democratic Youth15.
In the field of education and learning as well, in the liberated areas of Kurdistan, for the first time in the history of the Kurd, the study and establishment of schools and the provision of teachers and study materials became their duty16.
Sources and footnotes1- Sasan Awni, Kurdistan Students Union, some aspects of struggle and history, (Erbil- Ministry of Education Press- 1998), p. 70.
2- Luqman Gharib, Martyr Haji Abdulrahman, A Phase Full of Giving in the History of the Kurdistan Student and Youth Movement, (Erbil - Rewshanbiri Press - 2003), p. 68.
3- Musa Ahmed, Journalism of the Kurdistan Students Union, (Erbil - Ministry of Education Press - 1998), pp. 31-32.
4- Sasan Awni, previous source, p. 75.
5- Luqman Gharib, previous source, 68.
6- Sasan Awni, previous source, p. 78.
7- Irfan Aziz Aziz, Congresses and Conferences of the Kurdistan Students Union, first edition, (Erbil-Rojhalat Printing House-2012), p. 87.
8- Greetings on the eighth anniversary of the August Conference 28 - 30 August 1986, Brayati newspaper, organ of the Kurdistan Democratic Party - Unified, issue 2030, (Erbil, Monday, 29 August 1994), p. 8.
9- Sirwan Osman, A Shining History and an Uninterrupted Caravan, (Erbil- Ministry of Culture Printing House- 2014), p. 15.
10- Irfan Aziz, previous source, pp. 89-90.
11- Same source, p. 90.
12- Sasan Awni, previous source, p. 118.
13- Musa Ahmed, pp. 4-6.
14- Irfan Aziz, previous source, pp. 91-92.
15- Sasan Awni, previous source, p. 122.
16- Same source, pp. 26،29.